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71.
Variation in sedimentology as well as freshwater and marine palynomorphs has been studied in ecological perspective in two 2.5‐ and 5‐m deep sediment cores deposited since 3440 and 3630 cal BP, respectively in the central part of Pichavaram mangrove wetland, Cauvery River delta. The palynological and sedimentological results of the sediments reveal a monsoonal circulation and a climatic shift from warm and humid with strengthened monsoon (3630–3190 cal BP) to dry and arid (~2750–760 cal BP). Since the last millennium (~760 cal BP), Pichavaram estuary has been influenced by a similar cyclicity but with a less wet and humid climate due to weakened monsoon conditions. These ecological changes in turn affect the relative sea level rise and fall which is reflected by the variability/extinction of freshwater and marine palynomorphs. The estuary remained an active water channel between ~3630 and 2750 cal BP, responding to the strengthened monsoon, during which the freshwater algal remains with thecamoebians and marine dinoflagellate cysts and foraminiferal linings both dominated with a ratio of 1.5 for marine/freshwater forms. After this period, since ~2750 cal BP there has been a dominance of marine forms with a ratio of 4.5 for marine/freshwater forms, indicating fluvio‐marine sediment deposition and suggesting the recent landward intrusion of seawater during weakened monsoon conditions. Freshwater thecamoebians are vulnerable to the salinity >3 in the aqueous soil solution of estuarine sediment, and therefore serve as an excellent proxy for monitoring salinity gradient along with short‐term high resolution palaeoecological fluctuations induced by climate and relative sea‐level changes in an estuarine ecosystem. 相似文献
72.
Sumer Chopra Jyoti Sharma Anup Sutar B. K. Bansal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(7):1311-1328
In this study, source parameters of the September 18, 2011 M w 6.9, Sikkim earthquake were determined using acceleration records. These parameters were then used to generate strong motion at a number of sites using the stochastic finite fault modeling technique to constrain the causative fault plane for this earthquake. The average values of corner frequency, seismic moment, stress drop and source radius were 0.12 Hz, 3.07 × 1026 dyne-cm, 115 bars and 9.68 km, respectively. The fault plane solution showed strike-slip movement with two nodal planes oriented along two prominent lineaments in the region, the NE-oriented Kanchendzonga and NW-oriented Tista lineaments. The ground motions were estimated considering both the nodal planes as causative faults and the results in terms of the peak ground accelerations (PGA) and Fourier spectra were then compared with the actual recordings. We found that the NW–SE striking nodal plane along the Tista lineament may have been the causative fault for the Sikkim earthquake, as PGA estimates are comparable with the observed recordings. We also observed that the Fourier spectrum is not a good parameter in deciding the causative fault plane. 相似文献
73.
Pleistocene radiolarians from the Leg 119 Site 745, sections (1H to 4H) in the southern ocean region
This paper presents a detailed record of radiolarian species from the Leg 119 Site 745 (sections 1H to 4H) in the southern
ocean region. Forty five species were identified and illustrated from forty six samples. The taxonomy, two radiolarian zones
namely NR1 and NR2, morphological variations and distribution of taxa have been made from these sections. Twelve new species
are identified but they are not formally named. The study provides the detailed Antarctic Pleistocene radiolarian data, proposed
the placement of NR1 and NR2 zonal boundary at a shallow depth of 6.63 mbsf and data is used for comparative studies with
other parts of the Antarctic region. 相似文献
74.
Nilotpal Das Kali P. Sarma Arbind K. Patel Jyoti P. Deka Aparna Das Abhay Kumar Patrick J. Shea Manish Kumar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(4):183
Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F?) in groundwater are increasing global water quality and public health concerns. The present study provides a deeper understanding of the impact of seasonal change on the co-occurrence of As and F?, as both contaminants vary with climatic patterns. Groundwater samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon seasons (n = 40 in each season) from the Brahmaputra flood plains (BFP) in northeast India to study the effect of season on As and F? levels. Weathering is a key hydrogeochemical process in the BFP and both silicate and carbonate weathering are enhanced in the post-monsoon season. The increase in carbonate weathering is linked to an elevation in pH during the post-monsoon season. A Piper diagram revealed that bicarbonate-type water, with Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ cations, is common in both seasons. Correlation between Cl? and NO3 ? (r = 0.74, p = 0.01) in the post-monsoon indicates mobilization of anthropogenic deposits during the rainy season. As was within the 10 µg L?1 WHO limit for drinking water and F? was under the 1.5 mg L?1 limit. A negative correlation between oxidation reduction potential and groundwater As in both seasons (r = ?0.26 and ?0.49, respectively, for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, p = 0.05) indicates enhanced As levels due to prevailing reducing conditions. Reductive hydrolysis of Fe (hydr)oxides appears to be the predominant process of As release, consistent with a positive correlation between As and Fe in both seasons (r = 0.75 and 0.73 for pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, at p = 0.01). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed grouping of Fe and As in both seasons. F? and sulfate were also clustered during the pre-monsoon season, which could be due to their similar interactions with Fe (hydr)oxides. Higher As levels in the post-monsoon appears driven by the influx of water into the aquifer, which drives out oxygen and creates a more reducing condition suitable for reductive dissolution of Fe (hydr)oxides. An increase in pH promotes desorption of As oxyanions AsO4 3? (arsenate) and AsO3 3? (arsenite) from Fe (hydr)oxide surfaces. Fluoride appears mainly released from F?-bearing minerals, but Fe (hydr)oxides can be a secondary source of F?, as suggested by the positive correlation between As and F? in the pre-monsoon season. 相似文献
75.
Water Resources - The present study is an attempt to apply principal component analysis (PCA) for spatial assessment of water quality parameters that are responsible for water quality deterioration... 相似文献
76.
A. K. Srivastava Anju Saxena Deepa Agnihotri 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2012,80(5):676-684
Plant fossils from the coal bearing Barakar Formation exposed in Gottitoria open cast mine of Mohpani Coalfield, Satpura Gondwana Basin are described for the first time. The assemblage is represented by Glossopteris communis, G. indica, G. stenoneura, Gangamopteris angustifolia, G. cyclopteroides, G. karharbariensis, G. major, seeds of Cordaicarpus zeilleri and equisetaceous stems. The dominance of the species of Gangamopteris over the species of Glossopteris and absence of Noeggerathiopsis indicate the floral affinity with the flora of Lower Barakar Formation of Lower Gondwana. 相似文献
77.
Sudip Jyoti Sahu Bibhash Nath Sharmi Roy Biswapati Mandal Debashis Chatterjee 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(3):813-821
Groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As), when extensively used for irrigation, causes potentially long-term detrimental
effects to surface soils. Such contamination can also directly affect human health when irrigated crops, such as rice, vegetable
and fruits, are used for human consumption. Therefore, an understanding of the leaching behavior of As in surface soils is
of high importance, because such behavior may increase the bioavailability of As in the soil horizon. In this study, we have
investigated the role of phosphate ions in leaching and bioavailability of As in the soil horizon, where drinking groundwater
contains elevated levels of As (≥50 μg/L). Soil and groundwater samples were characterized in the laboratory and measured
for physical and chemical constituents. The soils are generally neutral to slightly alkaline in character (pH range 7.5–8.1)
with low to moderate levels of free Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaCO3, organic carbon, and clay content. The measured electrical conductivity (mean 599 μS/cm) of the soils demonstrates their
non-saline nature. The Eh values (range −37 to −151 mV) of the groundwater indicate anoxic condition with low to moderate
levels of bicarbonate (range 100–630 mg/L) and phosphate (range 0.002–4.0 mg/L). The arsenic content (range 50–690 μg/L; mean
321 μg/L) in groundwater has exceeded both WHO recommended guideline values (10 μg/L) and the National safe drinking water
limit (50 μg/L). Regression analyses demonstrate that the bioavailability of As in the soil horizon is mainly controlled by
the composition of free Fe2O3 and CaCO3 content of the soils. However, application of P could increase bioavailability of As in the soil horizon and become available
to plants for uptake. 相似文献
78.
A collision between the ships MSC Chitra and MV Khalijia 3 in the mouth region of Mumbai Harbour led to a leakage of around 800 t of fuel oil in August 2010, affecting the rocky intertidal region of Colaba. To evaluate the impact of this catastrophic event on the resident biota, a 15-month-long sampling programme was initiated in the oil-affected area immediately after the spill. Petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediment organic carbon values were high just after the oil spill but subsequently decreased in the following months. In total, 70 macrobenthic taxa were identified. Univariate diversity indices indicated that while the ecological status of the site, albeit briefly, was affected during August 2010, a healthy environment prevailed subsequently. Cluster and multi-dimensional scale (MDS) analyses distinctly segregated the oil impacted monsoon months from the other sampling months. BIOENV analyses indicated that petroleum hydrocarbons and organic carbon were the anthropogenic parameters influencing macrobenthic community structure. Benthic Opportunistic Polychaetes Amphipods (BOPA) index was used to evaluate the ecological quality of the study area as the index is sensitive to oil pollution. Low BOPA values throughout the study period indicated that the environment was good with few opportunistic species. Comparison with past data revealed that the oil spill did not have long-term deleterious effects on the macrobenthic species diversity of this rocky beach, and reasons thereof are discussed. 相似文献
79.
Jyoti Shah Deepak C. Srivastava Vipul Rastogi Rajit Ghosh Aditi Pal 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,75(1):89-97
Most of the existing methods of strain analysis can estimate strain in a single form of distorted brachiopod, or trilobite
provided independent evidence, such as the association of the fossil with cleavage and/or stretching lineation is available
for inferring the direction of maximum principal strain. This article proposes a simple computer graphics based method and
its MATLAB code that determine the minimum amount of strain in a single distorted fossil form even if data for inferring the
maximum principal strain direction are lacking. Our method is a rapid computer-graphics alternative to some of the existing
analytical methods.
In a distorted fossil form of original bilateral symmetry, the relative senses of angular shears along the hinge line and
the median line are mutually opposite to each other. It follows, therefore, that the maximum principal strain direction lies
within the acute angle between the hinge and the median lines in the plane of the fossil. Using this principle, our method
performs several simulations such that each simulation retrodeforms the distorted fossil by assuming a particular orientation,
lying within the acute angle between the hinge line and the median line, as the potential direction of the maximum principal
strain. Each simulation of retrodeformation yields a potential strain ratio. The distribution of all the potential strain
ratios, obtained by assuming different orientations as the potential directions of the maximum strain, is typically a parabola-like
curve with a distinct vertex that corresponds to the minimum amount of strain in the distorted fossil. An entirely computer
graphical approach is somewhat time-intensive because it involves a large number of retrodeformational simulations. We, therefore,
give a MATLAB code, namely, the Minstrain, that rapidly retrodeforms the fossil and determines the minimum strain with precision. 相似文献
80.
Suryendu Dutta Monalisa Mallick Runcie Paul Mathews Ulrich Mann Paul F. Greenwood Rakesh Saxena 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(5):711-716
The terpenoid composition of resins from the Miocene lignite horizons from the Kerala-Konkan Coast, western India was analyzed
by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Cupy-GC-MS). The major pyrolysates were cadalene-based bicyclic
sesquiterpenoids including some C30-C31 bicadinenes and bicadinanes typical of dammar resin from angiosperm plants of Dipterocarpaceae family. These plants are typically
supported by tropical climates which the western Indian region was known to have experienced during early Tertiary period.
The present study suggests that these palaeoclimatic conditions persisted until at least the Miocene epoch. These sesquiterpenoids
which are commonly detected in many SE Asian crude oils may be utilised as useful biomarkers for petroleum exploration in
the western Indian region. 相似文献